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lm5025a www.ti.com snvs293e ? december 2004 ? revised march 2013 active clamp voltage mode pwm controller check for samples: lm5025a 1 features description the lm5025a is a functional variant of the lm5025 2 ? internal start-up bias regulator active clamp pwm controller. the functional ? 3a compound main gate driver differences of the lm5025a are: the cs1 and cs2 ? programmable line under-voltage lockout current limit thresholds have been increased to 0.5v. (uvlo) with adjustable hysteresis the internal cs2 filter discharge device has been disabled and no longer operates each clock cycle. ? voltage mode control with feed-forward the internal v cc and v ref regulators continue to ? adjustable dual mode over-current protection operate when the line uvlo pin is below threshold. ? programmable overlap or deadtime between the lm5025a pwm controller contains all of the the main and active clamp outputs features necessary to implement power converters ? volt x second clamp utilizing the active clamp / reset technique. with the active clamp technique, higher efficiencies and ? programmable soft-start greater power densities can be realized compared to ? leading edge blanking conventional catch winding or rdc clamp / reset ? single resistor programmable oscillator techniques. two control outputs are provided, the ? oscillator up / down sync capability main power switch control (out_a) and the active clamp switch control (out_b). the two internal ? precision 5v reference compound gate drivers parallel both mos and bipolar ? thermal shutdown devices, providing superior gate drive characteristics. this controller is designed for high-speed operation packages including an oscillator frequency range up to 1mhz and total pwm and current sense propagation delays ? tssop-16 less than 100ns. the lm5025a includes a high- ? wson-16 (5x5 mm) thermally enhanced voltage start-up regulator that operates over a wide input range of 13v to 90v. additional features include: line under voltage lockout (uvlo), softstart, oscillator up/down sync capability, precision reference and thermal shutdown. 1 please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of texas instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. 2 all trademarks are the property of their respective owners. production data information is current as of publication date. copyright ? 2004 ? 2013, texas instruments incorporated products conform to specifications per the terms of the texas instruments standard warranty. production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters.
lm5025a snvs293e ? december 2004 ? revised march 2013 www.ti.com typical application circuit figure 1. simplified active clamp forward power converter connection diagram figure 2. 16-lead tssop, wson table 1. pin description pin name description application information 1 v in source input voltage input to start-up regulator. input range 13v to 90v, with transient capability to 105v. 2 ramp modulator ramp signal an external rc circuit from vin sets the ramp slope. this pin is discharged at the conclusion of every cycle by an internal fet, initiated by either the internal clock or the v*sec clamp comparator. 2 submit documentation feedback copyright ? 2004 ? 2013, texas instruments incorporated product folder links: lm5025a ramp cs1 cs2 time ref v cc out_a v in rt comp ss agnd pgnd out_b sync uvlo 14 13 12 11 10 8 9 15 16 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 lm5025a uvlo pgnd agnd comp out_a out_b v cc ss rt sync ref time ramp cs1 v in v in 35 - 78v v out 3.3v up/down sync error amp & isolation cs2
lm5025a www.ti.com snvs293e ? december 2004 ? revised march 2013 table 1. pin description (continued) pin name description application information 3 cs1 current sense input for cycle-by- if cs1 exceeds 0.5v the outputs will go into cycle-by-cycle current cycle limiting limit. cs1 is held low for 50ns after out_a switches high providing leading edge blanking. 4 cs2 current sense input for soft restart if cs2 exceeds 0.5v the outputs will be disabled and a softstart commenced. the soft-start capacitor will be fully discharged and then released with a pull-up current of 1 a. after the first output pulse (when ss =1v), the ss charge current will revert back to 20 a. 5 time output overlap/deadtime control an external resistor (r set ) sets either the overlap time or dead time for the active clamp output. an r set resistor connected between time and gnd produces in-phase out_a and out_b pulses with overlap. an r set resistor connected between time and ref produces out-of- phase out_a and out_b pulses with deadtime. 6 ref precision 5 volt reference output maximum output current: 10ma locally decouple with a 0.1 f capacitor. reference stays low until the v cc uv comparator is satisfied. 7 v cc output from the internal high if an auxiliary winding raises the voltage on this pin above the voltage start-up regulator. the v cc regulation setpoint, the internal start-up regulator will shutdown, voltage is regulated to 7.6v. reducing the ic power dissipation. 8 out_a main output driver output of the main switch pwm output gate driver. output capability of 3a peak sink current. 9 out_b active clamp output driver output of the active clamp switch gate driver. capable of 1.25a peak sink current.. 10 pgnd power ground connect directly to analog ground. 11 agnd analog ground connect directly to power ground. for the wson package option the exposed pad is electrically connected to agnd. 12 ss soft-start control an external capacitor and an internal 20 a current source set the softstart ramp. the ss current source is reduced to 1ua initially following a cs2 over-current event or an over temperature event. 13 comp input to the pulse width modulator an internal 5k resistor pull-up is provided on this pin. the external opto-coupler sinks current from comp to control the pwm duty cycle. 14 rt oscillator timing resistor pin an external resistor connected from rt to ground sets the internal oscillator frequency. 15 sync oscillator up/down the internal oscillator can be synchronized to an external clock with a synchronization input frequency 20% lower than the internal oscillator ? s free running frequency. there is no constraint on the maximum sync frequency. 16 uvlo line under-voltage shutdown an external voltage divider from the power source sets the shutdown comparator levels. the comparator threshold is 2.5v. hysteresis is set by an internal current source (20 a) that is switched on or off as the uvlo pin potential crosses the 2.5v threshold. - ep exposed pad, underside of the internally bonded to the die substrate. connect to gnd potential for low wson package option thermal impedance. copyright ? 2004 ? 2013, texas instruments incorporated submit documentation feedback 3 product folder links: lm5025a
lm5025a snvs293e ? december 2004 ? revised march 2013 www.ti.com block diagram figure 3. simplified block diagram 4 submit documentation feedback copyright ? 2004 ? 2013, texas instruments incorporated product folder links: lm5025a logic v in ref ss 20 p a rt logic pgnd agnd 5v reference oscillator clk cs1 time 0.5v 0.5v pwm 5k 5v 1v r s q q ss ff ramp cs2 ramp slope d to v in clk + leb 7.6v series regulator out_b driver v cc comp ss ss amp (sink only) max v*s clamp sync uvlo hysteresis (20 p a) 2.5v + - uvlo + - out_a driver v cc v cc v cc uvlo 2.5v 19 p a deadtime or overlap control + - + - + - enable outputs
lm5025a www.ti.com snvs293e ? december 2004 ? revised march 2013 these devices have limited built-in esd protection. the leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the mos gates. absolute maximum ratings (1) (2) v in to gnd -0.3v to 105v v cc to gnd -0.3v to 16v cs1, cs2 to gnd -0.3 to 1.00v all other inputs to gnd -0.3 to 7v esd rating (3) human body model 2kv storage temperature range -55 c to 150 c junction temperature 150 c (1) if military/aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the ti sales office/ distributors for availability and specifications. (2) absolute maximum ratings are limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. operating ratings are conditions under which operation of the device is intended to be functional. for specifications and test conditions, see the electrical characteristics . (3) for detailed information on soldering plastic tssop and wson packages, refer to the packaging data book. operating ratings (1) v in voltage 13 to 90v external voltage applied to v cc 8 to 15v operating junction temperature -40 c to +125 c (1) absolute maximum ratings are limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. operating ratings are conditions under which operation of the device is intended to be functional. for specifications and test conditions, see the electrical characteristics . electrical characteristics specifications with standard typeface are for t j = 25 c, and those with boldface type apply over full operating junction temperature range . v in = 48v, v cc = 10v, rt = 31.3k , r set = 27.4k ) unless otherwise stated (1) symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit startup regulator v cc reg v cc regulation no load 7.3 7.6 7.9 v v cc current limit (2) 20 25 ma i-v in startup regulator leakage v in = 100v 165 500 a (external vcc supply) v cc supply v cc under-voltage lockout v cc reg - v cc reg - v voltage (positive going v cc ) 220mv 120mv v cc under-voltage hysteresis 1.0 1.5 2.0 v v cc supply current (i cc ) c gate = 0 4.2 ma reference supply v ref ref voltage i ref = 0 ma 4.85 5 5.15 v ref voltage regulation i ref = 0 to 10ma 25 50 mv ref current limit 10 20 ma current limit cs1 prop cs1 delay to output cs1 step from 0 to 0.6v, 40 ns time to onset of out transition (90%), c gate = 0 cs2 prop cs2 delay to output cs2 step from 0 to 0.6v, 50 ns time to onset of out transition (90%), c gate = 0 cycle by cycle threshold voltage 0.45 0.5 0.55 v (cs1) (1) all electrical characteristics having room temperature limits are tested during production with t a = t j = 25 c. all hot and cold limits are speified by correlating the electrical characteristics to process and temperature variations and applying statistical process control. (2) device thermal limitations may limit usable range. copyright ? 2004 ? 2013, texas instruments incorporated submit documentation feedback 5 product folder links: lm5025a
lm5025a snvs293e ? december 2004 ? revised march 2013 www.ti.com electrical characteristics (continued) specifications with standard typeface are for t j = 25 c, and those with boldface type apply over full operating junction temperature range . v in = 48v, v cc = 10v, rt = 31.3k , r set = 27.4k ) unless otherwise stated (1) symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit cycle skip threshold voltage resets ss capacitor; auto restart 0.45 0.5 0.55 v (cs2) leading edge blanking time 50 ns (cs1) cs1 sink impedance (clocked) cs1 = 0.4v 30 50 cs1 sink impedance (post fault cs1 = 0.6v 15 30 discharge) cs2 sink impedance (post fault cs2 = 0.6v 55 95 discharge) cs1 and cs2 leakage current cs = cs threshold - 100mv 1 a soft-start soft-start current source normal 17 22 27 a soft-start current source following 0.5 1 1.5 a a cs2 event oscillator frequency1 t a = 25 c, 180 200 220 khz t j = t low to t high 175 225 frequency2 rt = 10.4k 510 580 650 khz sync threshold 2 v min sync pulse width 100 ns sync frequency range 160 khz pwm comparator delay to output comp step 5v to 0v, 40 ns time to onset of out_a transition low duty cycle range 0 80 % comp to pwm offset 0.7 1 1.3 v comp open circuit voltage 4.3 5.9 v comp short circuit current comp = 0v 0.6 1 1.4 ma volt x second clamp ramp clamp level delta ramp measured from onset of 2.4 2.5 2.6 v out_a to ramp peak, comp = 5v uvlo shutdown undervoltage shutdown threshold 2.44 2.5 2.56 v undervoltage shutdown 16 20 24 a hysteresis output section out_a high saturation mos device at iout = -10ma 5 10 output_a peak current sink bipolar device at vcc/2 3 a out_a low saturation mos device at iout = 10ma 6 9 output_a rise time c gate = 2.2nf 20 ns output_a fall time c gate = 2.2nf 15 ns out_b high saturation mos device at iout = -10ma 10 20 output_b peak current sink bipolar device at vcc/2 1 a out_b low saturation mos device at iout = 10ma 12 18 output_b rise time c gate = 1nf 20 ns output_b fall time c gate = 1nf 15 ns 6 submit documentation feedback copyright ? 2004 ? 2013, texas instruments incorporated product folder links: lm5025a
lm5025a www.ti.com snvs293e ? december 2004 ? revised march 2013 electrical characteristics (continued) specifications with standard typeface are for t j = 25 c, and those with boldface type apply over full operating junction temperature range . v in = 48v, v cc = 10v, rt = 31.3k , r set = 27.4k ) unless otherwise stated (1) symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit output timing control overlap time r set = 38 k connected to gnd, 75 105 135 ns 50% to 50% transitions deadtime r set = 29.5 k connected to ref, 75 105 135 ns 50% to 50% transitions thermal shutdown t sd thermal shutdown threshold 165 c thermal shutdown hysteresis 25 c thermal resistance ja junction to ambient tssop package 125 c/w wson package 32 c/w copyright ? 2004 ? 2013, texas instruments incorporated submit documentation feedback 7 product folder links: lm5025a
lm5025a snvs293e ? december 2004 ? revised march 2013 www.ti.com typical performance characteristics v cc regulator start-up characteristics, v cc vs vin v cc vs i cc figure 4. figure 5. v ref vs i ref oscillator frequency vs rt figure 6. figure 7. overlap time vs temperature overlap time vs r set r set = 38k figure 8. figure 9. 8 submit documentation feedback copyright ? 2004 ? 2013, texas instruments incorporated product folder links: lm5025a 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 v ref (v) i ref (ma) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 v in (v) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 v cc (v) v in v cc 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 2 4 6 8 10 v cc (v) i cc (ma) -40 25 _ 75 _ 125 temperature ( o c) 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 overlap time (ns) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 r set (k : ) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 overlap time (ns)
lm5025a www.ti.com snvs293e ? december 2004 ? revised march 2013 typical performance characteristics (continued) dead time vs temperature dead time vs r set r set = 29.5k figure 10. figure 11. ss pin current vs temperature figure 12. copyright ? 2004 ? 2013, texas instruments incorporated submit documentation feedback 9 product folder links: lm5025a -40 25 75 125 temperature ( o c) 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 ss current ( p a) -40 25 75 125 temperature ( o c) 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 deadtime (ns) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 r set (k : ) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 deadtime (ns)
lm5025a snvs293e ? december 2004 ? revised march 2013 www.ti.com detailed operating description the lm5025a is a functional variant of the lm5025 active clamp pwm controller. the functional differences of the lm5025a are: ? the cs1 and cs2 current limit thresholds have been increased to 0.5v. ? the internal cs2 filter discharge device has been disabled and no longer operates each clock cycle. ? the internal v cc and v ref regulators continue to operate when the line uvlo pin is below threshold. the lm5025a pwm controller contains all of the features necessary to implement power converters utilizing the active clamp reset technique. the device can be configured to control either a p-channel clamp switch or an n- channel clamp switch. with the active clamp technique higher efficiencies and greater power densities can be realized compared to conventional catch winding or rdc clamp / reset techniques. two control outputs are provided, the main power switch control (out_a) and the active clamp switch control (out_b). the active clamp output can be configured for either a specified overlap time (for p-channel switch applications) or a specified dead time (for n_channel applications). the two internal compound gate drivers parallel both mos and bipolar devices, providing superior gate drive characteristics. this controller is designed for high-speed operation including an oscillator frequency range up to 1mhz and total pwm and current sense propagation delays less than 100ns. the lm5025a includes a high-voltage start-up regulator that operates over a wide input range of 13v to 90v. additional features include: line under voltage lockout (uvlo), softstart, oscillator up/down sync capability, precision reference and thermal shutdown. high voltage start-up regulator the lm5025a contains an internal high voltage start-up regulator that allows the input pin (v in ) to be connected directly to the line voltage. the regulator output is internally current limited to 20ma. when power is applied, the regulator is enabled and sources current into an external capacitor connected to the v cc pin. the recommended capacitance range for the v cc regulator is 0.1 f to 100 f. when the voltage on the v cc pin reaches the regulation point of 7.6v and the internal voltage reference (ref) reaches its regulation point of 5v, the controller outputs are enabled. the outputs will remain enabled until v cc falls below 6.2v or the line under voltage lock out detector indicates that v in is out of range. in typical applications, an auxiliary transformer winding is connected through a diode to the v cc pin. this winding must raise the v cc voltage above 8v to shut off the internal start-up regulator. powering v cc from an auxiliary winding improves efficiency while reducing the controller power dissipation. when the converter auxiliary winding is inactive, external current draw on the v cc line should be limited so the power dissipated in the start-up regulator does not exceed the maximum power dissipation of the controller. an external start-up regulator or other bias rail can be used instead of the internal start-up regulator by connecting the v cc and the v in pins together and feeding the external bias voltage into the two pins. line under-voltage detector the lm5025a contains a line under voltage lock out (uvlo) circuit. an external set-point voltage divider from vin to gnd, sets the operational range of the converter. the divider must be designed such that the voltage at the uvlo pin will be greater than 2.5v when vin is in the desired operating range. if the undervoltage threshold is not met, both outputs are disabled,all other functions of the controller remain active. uvlo hysteresis is accomplished with an internal 20ua current source that is switched on or off into the impedance of the set-point divider. when the uvlo threshold is exceeded, the current source is activated to instantly raise the voltage at the uvlo pin. when the uvlo pin voltage falls below the 2.5v threshold, the current source is turned off causing the voltage at the uvlo pin to fall. the uvlo pin can also be used to implement a remote enable / disable function. pulling the uvlo pin below the 2.5v threshold disables the pwm outputs. pwm outputs the relative phase of the main (out_a) and active clamp outputs (out_b) can be configured for the specific application. for active clamp configurations utilizing a ground referenced p-channel clamp switch, the two outputs should be in phase with the active clamp output overlapping the main output. for active clamp configurations utilizing a high side n-channel switch, the active clamp output should be out of phase with main output and there should be a dead time between the two gate drive pulses. a distinguishing feature of the 10 submit documentation feedback copyright ? 2004 ? 2013, texas instruments incorporated product folder links: lm5025a
lm5025a www.ti.com snvs293e ? december 2004 ? revised march 2013 lm5025a is the ability to accurately configure either dead time (both off) or overlap time (both on) of the gate driver outputs. the overlap / deadtime magnitude is controlled by the resistor value connected to the time pin of the controller. the opposite end of the resistor can be connected to either ref for deadtime control or gnd for overlap control. the internal configuration detector senses the connection and configures the phase relationship of the main and active clamp outputs. the magnitude of the overlap/dead time can be calculated as follows: overlap time (ns) = 2.8 x r set - 1.2 dead time (ns) = 2.9 x r set +20 r set in k , time in ns figure 13. pwm outputs compound gate drivers the lm5025a contains two unique compound gate drivers, which parallel both mos and bipolar devices to provide high drive current throughout the entire switching event. the bipolar device provides most of the drive current capability and provides a relatively constant sink current which is ideal for driving large power mosfets. as the switching event nears conclusion and the bipolar device saturates, the internal mos device continues to provide a low impedance to compete the switching event. during turn-off at the miller plateau region, typically around 2v - 3v, is where gate driver current capability is needed most. the resistive characteristics of all mos gate drivers are adequate for turn-on since the supply to output voltage differential is fairly large at the miller region. during turn-off however, the voltage differential is small and the current source characteristic of the bipolar gate driver is beneficial to provide fast drive capability. figure 14. compound gate drivers copyright ? 2004 ? 2013, texas instruments incorporated submit documentation feedback 11 product folder links: lm5025a v cc pgnd cntrl out out_a out_b out_a out_b k1 * r set n-channel active clamp (r set to ref) p-channel active clamp (r set to gnd) k2 * r set k1 * r set k2 * r set
lm5025a snvs293e ? december 2004 ? revised march 2013 www.ti.com pwm comparator the pwm comparator compares the ramp signal (ramp) to the loop error signal (comp). this comparator is optimized for speed in order to achieve minimum controllable duty cycles. the internal 5k pull-up resistor, connected between the internal 5v reference and comp, can be used as the pull-up for an optocoupler. the comparator polarity is such that 0v on the comp pin will produce a zero duty cycle on both gate driver outputs. volt second clamp the volt x second clamp comparator compares the ramp signal (ramp) to a fixed 2.5v reference. by proper selection of rff and cff, the maximum on time of the main switch can be set to the desired duration. the on time set by volt x second clamp varies inversely with the line voltage because the ramp capacitor is charged by a resistor connected to vin while the threshold of the clamp is a fixed voltage (2.5v). an example will illustrate the use of the volt x second clamp comparator to achieve a 50% duty cycle limit, at 200khz, at a 48v line input: a 50% duty cycle at a 200khz requires a 2.5 s of on time. at 48v input the volt x second product is 120v x s (48v x 2.5 s). to achieve this clamp level: r ff x c ff = v in x t on / 2.5v (1) 48 x 2.5 / 2.5 = 48 (2) select c ff = 470pf r ff = 102k the recommended capacitor value range for cff is 100pf to 1000pf. the c ff ramp capacitor is discharged at the conclusion of every cycle by an internal discharge switch controlled by either the internal clock or by the v x s clamp comparator, whichever event occurs first. current limit the lm5025a contains two modes of over-current protection. if the sense voltage at the cs1 input exceeds 0.5v the present power cycle is terminated (cycle-by-cycle current limit). if the sense voltage at the cs2 input exceeds 0.5v, the controller will terminate the present cycle, discharge the softstart capacitor and reduce the softstart current source to 1 a. the softstart (ss) capacitor is released after being fully discharged and slowly charges with a 1 a current source. when the voltage at the ss pin reaches approximately 1v, the pwm comparator will produce the first output pulse at out_a. after the first pulse occurs, the softstart current source will revert to the normal 20 a level. fully discharging and then slowly charging the ss capacitor protects a continuously over- loaded converter with a low duty cycle hiccup mode. these two modes of over-current protection allow the user great flexibility to configure the system behavior in over-load conditions. if it is desired for the system to act as a current source during an over-load, then the cs1 cycle-by-cycle current limiting should be used. in this case the current sense signal should be applied to the cs1 input and the cs2 input should be grounded. if during an overload condition it is desired for the system to briefly shutdown, followed by softstart retry, then the cs2 hiccup current limiting mode should be used. in this case the current sense signal should be applied to the cs2 input and the cs1 input should be grounded. this shutdown / soft-start retry will repeat indefinitely while the over-load condition remains. the hiccup mode will greatly reduce the thermal stresses to the system during heavy overloads. the cycle-by-cycle mode will have higher system thermal dissipations during heavy overloads, but provides the advantage of continuous operation for short duration overload conditions. it is possible to utilize both over-current modes concurrently, whereby slight overload conditions activate the cs1 cycle-by-cycle mode while more severe overloading activates the cs2 hiccup mode. generally the cs1 input will always be configured to monitor the main switch fet current each cycle. the cs2 input can be configured in several different ways depending upon the system requirements. ? the cs2 input can also be set to monitor the main switch fet current except scaled to a higher threshold than cs1 ? an external over-current timer can be configured which trips after a pre-determined over-current time, driving the cs2 input high, initiating a hiccup event. ? in a closed loop voltage regulaton system, the comp input will rise to saturation when the cycle-by-cycle current limit is active. an external filter/delay timer and voltage divider can be configured between the comp pin and the cs2 pin to scale and delay the comp voltage. if the cs2 pin voltage reaches 0.5v a hiccup event will initiate. 12 submit documentation feedback copyright ? 2004 ? 2013, texas instruments incorporated product folder links: lm5025a
lm5025a www.ti.com snvs293e ? december 2004 ? revised march 2013 a small rc filter, located near the controller, is recommended for each of the cs pins. the cs1 input has an internal fet which discharges the current sense filter capacitor at the conclusion of every cycle, to improve dynamic performance. this same fet remains on an additional 50ns at the start of each main switch cycle to attenuate the leading edge spike in the current sense signal. the cs2 discharge fet only operates following a cs2 event, uvlo and thermal shutdown. the lm5025a cs comparators are very fast and may respond to short duration noise pulses. layout considerations are critical for the current sense filter and sense resistor. the capacitor associated with the cs filter must be placed very close to the device and connected directly to the pins of the ic (cs and gnd). if a current sense transformer is used, both leads of the transformer secondary should be routed to the filter network , which should be located close to the ic. if a sense resistor in the source of the main switch mosfet is used for current sensing, a low inductance type of resistor is required. when designing with a current sense resistor, all of the noise sensitive low power ground connections should be connected together near the ic gnd and a single connection should be made to the power ground (sense resistor ground point). figure 15. current limit oscillator and sync capability the lm5025a oscillator is set by a single external resistor connected between the rt pin and gnd. to set a desired oscillator frequency (f), the necessary rt resistor can be calculated from: rt = (5725/f) 1.026 (3) where f is in khz and rt in k . the rt resistor should be located very close to the device and connected directly to the pins of the ic (rt and gnd). a unique feature of lm5025a is the ability to synchronize the oscillator to an external clock with a frequency that is either higher or lower than the frequency of the internal oscillator. the lower frequency sync frequency range is 80% of the free running internal oscillator frequency. there is no constraint on the maximum sync frequency. a minimum pulse width of 100ns is required for the synchronization clock . if the synchronization feature is not required, the sync pin should be connected to gnd to prevent any abnormal interference . the internal oscillator can be completely disabled by connecting the rt pin to ref. once disabled, the sync signal will act directly as the master clock for the controller. both the frequency and the maximum duty cycle of the pwm controller can be controlled by the sync signal (within the limitations of the volt x second clamp). the maximum duty cycle (d) will be (1-d) of the sync signal. feed-forward ramp an external resistor (r ff ) and capacitor (c ff ) connected to v in and gnd are required to create the pwm ramp signal. the slope of the signal at the ramp pin will vary in proportion to the input line voltage. this varying slope provides line feedforward information necessary to improve line transient response with voltage mode control. the ramp signal is compared to the error signal at the comp pin by the pulse width modulator comparator to control the duty cycle of the main switch output. the volt second clamp comparator also monitors the ramp pin and if the ramp amplitude exceeds 2.5v the present cycle is terminated. the ramp signal is reset to gnd at the end of each cycle by either the internal clock or the volt second comparator, which ever occurs first. copyright ? 2004 ? 2013, texas instruments incorporated submit documentation feedback 13 product folder links: lm5025a cs2 ss 20 p a 1 p a
lm5025a snvs293e ? december 2004 ? revised march 2013 www.ti.com soft-start the softstart feature allows the power converter to gradually reach the initial steady state operating point, thus reducing start-up stresses and surges. at power on, a 20 a current is sourced out of the softstart pin (ss) into an external capacitor. the capacitor voltage will ramp up slowly and will limit the comp pin voltage and therefore the pwm duty cycle. in the event of a fault as determined by v cc undervoltage, line undervoltage (uvlo) or second level current limit, the output gate drivers are disabled and the softstart capacitor is fully discharged. when the fault condition is no longer present a softstart sequence will be initiated. following a second level current limit detection (cs2), the softstart current source is reduced to 1 a until the first output pulse is generated by the pwm comparator. the current source returns to the nominal 20 a level after the first output pulse (~1v at the ss pin). thermal protection internal thermal shutdown circuitry is provided to protect the integrated circuit in the event the maximum junction temperature is exceeded. when activated, typically at 165 c, the controller is forced into a low power standby state with the output drivers and the bias regulator disabled. the device will restart after the thermal hysteresis (typically 25 c). during a restart after thermal shutdown, the softstart capacitor will be fully discharged and then charged in the low current mode (1 a) similar to a second level current limit event. the thermal protection feature is provided to prevent catastrophic failures from accidental device overheating. application circuit: input 36-78v, output 3.3v, 30a figure 16. application circuit 14 submit documentation feedback copyright ? 2004 ? 2013, texas instruments incorporated product folder links: lm5025a
lm5025a www.ti.com snvs293e ? december 2004 ? revised march 2013 revision history changes from revision d (march 2013) to revision e page ? changed layout of national data sheet to ti format .......................................................................................................... 14 copyright ? 2004 ? 2013, texas instruments incorporated submit documentation feedback 15 product folder links: lm5025a
package option addendum www.ti.com 10-sep-2014 addendum-page 1 packaging information orderable device status (1) package type package drawing pins package qty eco plan (2) lead/ball finish (6) msl peak temp (3) op temp (c) device marking (4/5) samples lm5025amtc/nopb active tssop pw 16 92 green (rohs & no sb/br) cu nipdau | cu sn level-1-260c-unlim -40 to 125 l5025a mtc lm5025amtcx/nopb active tssop pw 16 2500 green (rohs & no sb/br) cu nipdau | cu sn level-1-260c-unlim -40 to 125 l5025a mtc lm5025asd/nopb active wson nhq 16 1000 green (rohs & no sb/br) cu sn level-1-260c-unlim -40 to 125 5025asd lm5025asdx/nopb active wson nhq 16 4500 green (rohs & no sb/br) cu sn level-1-260c-unlim -40 to 125 5025asd (1) the marketing status values are defined as follows: active: product device recommended for new designs. lifebuy: ti has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. nrnd: not recommended for new designs. device is in production to support existing customers, but ti does not recommend using this part in a new design. preview: device has been announced but is not in production. samples may or may not be available. obsolete: ti has discontinued the production of the device. (2) eco plan - the planned eco-friendly classification: pb-free (rohs), pb-free (rohs exempt), or green (rohs & no sb/br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. tbd: the pb-free/green conversion plan has not been defined. pb-free (rohs): ti's terms "lead-free" or "pb-free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current rohs requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, ti pb-free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. pb-free (rohs exempt): this component has a rohs exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. the component is otherwise considered pb-free (rohs compatible) as defined above. green (rohs & no sb/br): ti defines "green" to mean pb-free (rohs compatible), and free of bromine (br) and antimony (sb) based flame retardants (br or sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) msl, peak temp. - the moisture sensitivity level rating according to the jedec industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. (4) there may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device. (5) multiple device markings will be inside parentheses. only one device marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. if a line is indented then it is a continuation of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire device marking for that device. (6) lead/ball finish - orderable devices may have multiple material finish options. finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. lead/ball finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish value exceeds the maximum column width.
package option addendum www.ti.com 10-sep-2014 addendum-page 2 important information and disclaimer: the information provided on this page represents ti's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. ti bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. ti has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. ti and ti suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus cas numbers and other limited information may not be available for release. in no event shall ti's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the ti part(s) at issue in this document sold by ti to customer on an annual basis.
tape and reel information *all dimensions are nominal device package type package drawing pins spq reel diameter (mm) reel width w1 (mm) a0 (mm) b0 (mm) k0 (mm) p1 (mm) w (mm) pin1 quadrant lm5025amtcx/nopb tssop pw 16 2500 330.0 12.4 6.95 5.6 1.6 8.0 12.0 q1 lm5025asd/nopb wson nhq 16 1000 178.0 12.4 5.3 5.3 1.3 8.0 12.0 q1 lm5025asdx/nopb wson nhq 16 4500 330.0 12.4 5.3 5.3 1.3 8.0 12.0 q1 package materials information www.ti.com 6-nov-2015 pack materials-page 1
*all dimensions are nominal device package type package drawing pins spq length (mm) width (mm) height (mm) lm5025amtcx/nopb tssop pw 16 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0 lm5025asd/nopb wson nhq 16 1000 210.0 185.0 35.0 lm5025asdx/nopb wson nhq 16 4500 367.0 367.0 35.0 package materials information www.ti.com 6-nov-2015 pack materials-page 2

mechanical da t a nhq0016a www .ti.com s d a 1 6 a ( r e v a )
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